16.203
Fixed-price contracts with economic price adjustment
Fixed-price contracts with economic price adjustment allow for contract price changes based on clearly defined contingencies, protecting both parties from significant cost fluctuations beyond their control.
Overview
FAR 16.203 covers fixed-price contracts with economic price adjustment (EPA), a contract type that allows for upward or downward revision of the stated contract price upon the occurrence of specified contingencies. This section outlines when and how EPA clauses should be used, the limitations on their application, and the required contract clauses. The purpose is to protect both the government and contractors from significant fluctuations in costs (such as labor or material prices) that are beyond the control of either party, while maintaining the benefits of a fixed-price arrangement.
Key Rules
- Description of EPA Contracts
- EPA contracts provide for price adjustments based on specific contingencies, such as changes in labor rates or material costs.
- Application
- EPA clauses are appropriate when there is serious doubt about the stability of market or labor conditions that will exist during an extended contract period.
- Limitations
- EPA clauses must not be used unless the contract involves significant cost uncertainties and the contingencies are clearly defined and beyond the contractor’s control.
- Contract Clauses
- Specific EPA clauses must be included in the contract, tailored to the type of adjustment (e.g., labor, material, or both).
Responsibilities
- Contracting Officers: Must determine the appropriateness of EPA, ensure proper clause selection, and verify that contingencies are justified and clearly defined.
- Contractors: Must comply with the terms of the EPA clause, provide required documentation for adjustments, and notify the government of relevant changes.
- Agencies: Oversee the use of EPA clauses and ensure compliance with FAR requirements.
Practical Implications
- EPA contracts help manage risk for both parties in volatile markets.
- Proper use prevents disputes over cost increases or decreases.
- Common pitfalls include poorly defined contingencies or misuse of EPA clauses when not justified.