SSP (System Security Plan)

What is SSP (System Security Plan)?

A System Security Plan (SSP) is a foundational document for government contractors who handle sensitive government information. It provides a detailed overview of the security controls in place, or planned, to protect a specific information system. An effective SSP is crucial for demonstrating compliance with federal regulations and winning government contracts.

Definition

An SSP is a formal document that describes the security controls implemented or planned to be implemented to meet security requirements for a specific information system. This is typically mandated by regulations such as NIST 800-53, FedRAMP, and the Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification (CMMC) depending on the contract requirements. The SSP serves as a roadmap for maintaining a secure environment and is a key component of the Authority to Operate (ATO) process. Contractors must maintain and update their SSP regularly to reflect changes in the system, environment, or applicable regulations. Failure to do so can result in loss of contract or ineligibility for future awards.

Key Points

• Scope & Purpose: Clearly defines the system boundary and its purpose, including what data it processes and how it connects to other systems.
• Security Controls: Details the specific security controls implemented to protect the system, such as access controls, encryption, and auditing.
• Roles & Responsibilities: Identifies individuals or groups responsible for implementing and maintaining each security control.
• Risk Assessment: Documents the process used to identify and assess risks to the system, and the mitigation strategies employed.

Practical Examples

1. CMMC Compliance: A contractor pursuing a DoD contract requiring CMMC Level 2 must develop an SSP that demonstrates implementation of the security controls outlined in NIST SP 800-171. The SSP is then assessed by a CMMC Third-Party Assessment Organization (C3PAO).
2. FedRAMP Authorization: A cloud service provider (CSP) offering services to federal agencies must develop an SSP to demonstrate compliance with FedRAMP requirements. The SSP is a critical part of the FedRAMP authorization package.
3. Handling CUI: A contractor processing Controlled Unclassified Information (CUI) needs an SSP that describes how the system meets the safeguarding and dissemination controls outlined in 32 CFR Part 2002. This helps prevent unauthorized disclosure of sensitive information.