Wildlife Trafficking Technology Challenge

******THIS SOLICITATION HAS BEEN CANCELED COVER SHEET Issuance Date: April 23, 2014 Questions Due: May 8, 2014 - 1:00pm EST Responses Due: May 13, 2014 (Estimated) Closing Date and Time: June 24, 2014 - 2:00 pm EST Subject: Request for Proposal (RFP) No. AID-SOL-OAA-14-000051 Dear Prospective Offerors, The United States Government, represented by the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) is seeking professional services to launch a variety of technology challenges, designed to stimulate the creation of scientific and technological solutions for eventual development and deployment in combatting wildlife trafficking. The vendor will be expected to provide limited support to accelerate the scale-up of promising ideas and solutions through targeted activities that bring innovators in contact with potential donors, investors and users of the technology as outlined in the Statement of Work. Please ensure registration in the System for Award Management (SAM) is current and up to date. SAM can be accessed at www.sam.gov. All questions concerning this RFP shall be submitted via e-mail to Veronica Bates-Shields at vbates-shields@usaid.gov, no later than 1pm EST on May 8, 2014. Responses to questions received may be provided to all potential contractors by COB May 13, 2014. Submission of Proposals: Hand delivery of proposals will not be accepted. Proposals shall be submitted by June 5, 2014 by 2pm EST via e-mail to vbates-shields@usaid.gov in two separate volumes as outlined in Section L of this RFP. Responses to this RFP shall include the information that is also outlined in Section L of this RFP. Electronic proposals must be received by the stated closing date and time, or will not be considered in evaluation. Your proposal must include and will be evaluated based on the following criteria (as outlined in Section M): 1. Technical Approach/Capability 2. Management Capacity/Key Personnel 3. Past Performance 4. Proposed Cost This RFP in no way obligates the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) to award a contract, nor does it commit USAID to pay any costs incurred in the preparation and submission of proposals. Sincerely, /s/ Stephanie Fugate Contracting Officer ? SECTION B - SUPPLIES OR SERVICES AND PRICE/COST B.1 TITLE 4 B.2 CONTRACT TYPE 4 B.3 PURPOSE 4 B.4 AWARDED PRICES 4 B.5 CEILING PRICE 5 B.6 TRAVEL 6 SECTION C - DESCRIPTION/SPECIFICATION/STATEMENT OF WORK C.1 BACKGROUND 7 C.2 STATEMENT OF WORK 10 C.2.1 Task 1: Design, launch and manage an international program of innovation competitions for wildlife trafficking to generate solutions to challenges provided by USAID. 11 C.2.1.A Competition Design 11 C.2.1.B Competition Launch 12 C.2.1.C Outreach to Potential Solution Holders 12 C.2.1.D Competition Post-launch 13 C.2.2 Task 2: Support the acceleration to scale and scaling up of promising ideas and technologies. 14 C.2.3 Task 3: (Option to be exercised) 14 C.2.4 Additional Deliverables 14 C.3 REPORTS & DELIVERABLES BY TASK 14 C.3.1 Task 1 Deliverables 15 C.3.2 Task 2 Deliverables 15 C.3.3 Task 3 Deliverables 15 C.3.4 Additional Reports 15 SECTION D - PACKAGING AND MARKING SECTION E - INSPECTION AND ACCEPTANCE E.1 NOTICE LISTING CONTRACT CLAUSES INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE 18 E.2 INSPECTION AND ACCEPTANCE 18 SECTION F - DELIVERIES OR PERFORMANCE F.1 PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE 19 F.2 KEY PERSONNEL 19 F.3 PLACE OF PERFORMANCE 19 F.4 AUTHORIZED GEOGRAPHIC CODE 19 F.5 ACCOUNTING AND APPROPRIATION DATA 19 SECTION G - CONTRACT ADMINISTRATION DATA G.1 INVOICES 20 G.2 CONTRACTING OFFICER'S AUTHORITY 20 G.3 TECHNICAL DIRECTION 20 SECTION H - SPECIAL CONTRACT REQUIREMENTS H.1 ENVIRONMENTAL DETERMINATION 21 H.2 PRIVACY ACT 21 H.3 LANGUAGE REQUIREMENTS 21 H.4 BRANDING 21 H.5 GOVERNMENT FURNISHED FACILITIES OR PROPERTY 21 H.6 CONFIDENTIALITY AND OWNERSHIP OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY 21 H.7 CONTRACTOR'S STAFF SUPPORT, AND ADMINISTRATIVE AND LOGISTICS ARRANGEMENTS 21 H.8 PERIODIC PROGRESS REPORTS (July 1998) (CIB 98-21) 21 H.9 AIDAR 752.7005 SUBMISSION REQUIREMENTS FOR DEVELOPMENT EXPERIENCE DOCUMENTS (JAN 2004) (AAPD 04-06) 22 H.10 REPORTING ON TAXATION OF U.S. FOREIGN ASSISTANCE 23 SECTION I - CONTRACT CLAUSES I.1 GSA CONTRACT CLAUSES 25 I.2 ADDITIONAL FAR & AIDAR CLAUSES 25 I.3 AIDAR CLAUSES 34 SECTION K - REPRESENTATIONS, CERTIFICATIONS, AND OTHER STATEMENTS OF OFFERORS OR RESPONDENTS SECTION L - INSTRUCTIONS, CONDITIONS, AND NOTICES TO OFFERORS OR RESPONDENTS L.1 INSTRUCTIONS TO OFFERORS 37 SECTION M - EVALUATION FACORS FOR AWARD M.1 EVALUATION FACTORS 41 SECTION B - SUPPLIES OR SERVICES AND PRICE/COST B.1 TITLE Wildlife Trafficking Technology Challenge B.2 CONTRACT TYPE The Government anticipates awarding a Time and Materials/Labor Hours Hybrid contract. B.3 PURPOSE USAID seeks a vendor to provide innovative science and technology solutions to combat wildlife trafficking, - the poaching of protected species and the illegal trade in aquatic and terrestrial wildlife and their derivative parts and products - sourced via a series of incentive competitions, challenges and other open/collaborative innovation mechanisms. During this two year program called the Wildlife Trafficking Technology Challenge, we expect the vendor to launch a variety of technology challenges based on input from USAID designed to stimulate the creation of scientific and technological solutions for eventual development and deployment in combatting wildlife trafficking across four broad areas: (1) movement of trafficked wildlife and wildlife parts, (2) forensics and intelligence gathering, (3) consumer demand reduction and (4) corruption. Following the competition, the vendor will be expected to provide limited support to accelerate the scale-up of promising ideas and solutions through targeted activities that bring innovators in contact with potential donors, investors and users of the technology. The expected impact of the program is the development of a range of affordable and accessible technologies and other solutions that will improve the ability of key personnel in range, transit and demand countries to fight wildlife crime. USAID, its implementing partners and others will leverage these solutions to improve counter-trafficking in wildlife programming around the world. B.4 ESTIMATED COST Below is an illustrative table that includes USAID anticipated position per tasks listed in Section C. Offerors shall propose the required key personnel (CLIN 001), then propose additional personnel based on the statement of work. USAID envisions that each offeror will determine for itself what is required to best perform the tasks set forth in the Statement of Work. Total Labor Costs CLIN Labor Category Days Fixed Daily Rate Total Burdened Labor Cost (Total Days x Daily Rate) Base Year 1 Base Year 2 Option Year 1 001 Senior Prize Manager 002 Prize Manager 003 Prize Manager 004 Scale Manager 005 Scale Manager 006 Communications Specialist 007 Communications Specialist Base Year 1 Total Base Year 2 Total Option Year Total $ $ $ Total Labor Cost (2 Base Years + Option Year) Other Direct Costs CLIN Other Direct Cost Description Qty. Fixed Fee Total Estimated Cost (Qty. x Fixed Fee) Base Year 1 Base Year 2 Option Year 1 008 Subcontract for Wildlife Expertise 009 Communications/Outreach/Events/Travel 010 Flat Fee Per Challenge 011 Prize/Award Money for Winners 012 Other Direct Costs Base Year 1 Total Base Year 2 Total Option Year Total $ $ $ Total Other Direct Cost (2 Base Years + Option Year) Base Year 1 Total Cost (Year 1) Total Labor Costs Base Year 1 $ Total Other Direct Cost Year 1 $ Total Estimated Cost Base Year 1 $ Base Year 2 Total Cost (Year 2) Total Labor Costs Base Year 2 $ Total Other Direct Cost Year 2 $ Total Estimated Cost Base Year 2 $ Option Year 1 Total Cost (Year 3) Total Labor Costs Base Year 2 $ Total Other Direct Cost Year 2 $ Total Estimated Cost Base Year 3 $ Total Estimated Cost (Total Estimated Cost = Base Year 1+ Base Year 2 + Option Year 1) $ B.5 MAXIMUM CONTRACT CEILING PRICE The total duration of this contract, including the exercise of one (1) 12 month option, shall not exceed 36 months. The total combined value of this contract is not-to-exceed $5,400,000 over 3 years. Capabilities statements and price proposals are requested in response to this announcement and must be submitted in accordance with the instructions contained in Section L. Ceiling Price will be completed at time of award. The contractor will not be paid any sum in excess of the maximum contract ceiling price. Ceiling Price: TBD B.6 TRAVEL Travel shall be reimbursed at cost and shall be conducted in accordance with Federal Travel Regulations and Cost Principle outlined in FAR Part 31.205-46. All travel must be approved by the designated Contracting Officers Representative (COR). ? SECTION C - DESCRIPTION/SPECIFICATION/STATEMENT OF WORK C.1 BACKGROUND The poaching of wildlife is reaching epic proportions - measuring billions of dollars a year and threatening the survival of iconic species such as elephants, rhinos, tigers, sharks and sea turtles. Demand for wildlife and wildlife products has rapidly increased, driven in part by rising Gross Domestic Products in Asian countries, attracting transnational criminal networks who have helped make the illicit wildlife economy the fourth largest in the world. Wildlife trafficking threatens the security of nations and regions, undermines their economic development and impacts environmental health. In July 2013, President Obama signed an Executive Order to combat wildlife trafficking that will mobilize resources across the US Government to address this important challenge. While not mandated, this program will be a key component of USAID's response to the Executive Order and contribution to the US National Strategy for Combating Wildlife Trafficking. The trafficking of illegal wildlife has become more organized, more lucrative and more technologically advanced than ever before. Park rangers and resource managers must patrol vast areas and are often out-manned and outgunned by poachers, who employ war-like hunting techniques that include helicopters and night-vision goggles. Custom officials are ill-equipped to meet the challenges of increasing and illegal trade, and wildlife products move with ease across porous borders and over oceans, transported in hidden compartments or mislabeled to escape detection. Urgent action is needed to address the new drivers of wildlife trafficking, which can no longer be addressed sufficiently through traditional conservation approaches. In order to fight the traffickers, the conservation and enforcement communities need to be just as organized and tech-savvy. In response to this growing crisis, technology is being leveraged to combat wildlife crime and shows great potential to solve key problems along the trafficking supply chain. For example, DNA analysis can determine whether a seized wildlife product is derived from an illegal species and mobile technologies can help identify illicit wildlife sold in markets and be used to coordinate ranger patrols. These technologies and others help address critical gaps in the fight against wildlife crime, but often are not scaled up to address multiple species or multiple regions, and barriers - technological or otherwise - exist to their widespread implementation. A wealth of opportunities exist to apply new or redeploy existing technology to scale up or complement existing solutions to wildlife trafficking, as well as find innovative solutions to outstanding problems. USAID prioritized the topics that will be addressed by the Wildlife Trafficking Technology Challenge based on extensive research and consultation with wildlife crime experts. An initial list of 25 potential challenge topics was identified based on desk research, several high-profile wildlife trafficking fora, interviews and seminars. This list was ranked by US government wildlife trade experts, both in Washington and at USAID field missions and US embassies, based on the following criteria: (1) potential impact, (2) urgency, (3) alignment with USAID interests and comparative advantage and (4) saturation, or the extent to which other groups are working on the challenge topic. The ranking exercise resulted in a short list of 10 potential challenge topics, which were then distributed to 60 external experts representing non-governmental organizations (NGOs), academia, donors and the private sector. Of the 60 external experts contacted, 25 responded with detailed comments on the relative importance of each challenge and input on the key practitioners, non-traditional actors, priority USAID investment focus and potential end users for each topic. The external expert feedback was used to validate the short list identified through the USG consultation and further prioritize and refine the challenges. USAID is currently working to develop high-profile partners on this program, including from the private sector, NGOs and USAID field missions to be determined at a later date. These partners will support the implementation of the Wildlife Trafficking Technology Challenge through contributions that could include: subject matter expertise, technical input, outreach capacity, name recognition/credibility, human or financial resources and links to potential users of the technology. These partnerships will be managed by USAID who will work with the Offeror to ensure that resources they can provide for the Wildlife Trafficking Technology Challenge will enhance and complement resources procured by USAID through this contract. It is envisioned that an advisory committee chaired by USAID and composed of partners, USAID, and the Offeror will meet regularly to guide the direction of the program. The Offeror may also propose additional strategic partnerships to USAID in support of this program. Based on the research and expert consultation undertaken by USAID, and possibly further honed with input from potential partners, USAID will stimulate the innovation of solutions in the counter wildlife trafficking sector via procurement of new open-sourced/crowd-sourced ideas and tools in the following areas referred to below as challenges and sub-challenges: Challenge # 1 - Movement of trafficked wildlife and wildlife parts - Sub-challenge # 1a - Detection and monitoring of existing transit routes. Wildlife traffickers use several strategies to conceal illicit wildlife material in transit to evade law enforcement. They take advantage of understaffed park rangers and resource managers who often patrol large areas with few resources, use complex shipping routes that frequently change, conceal illicit cargo on transport vessels and falsify documents so that illegal wildlife enters legitimate supply chains. USAID seeks technology solutions that will improve the ability to detect illicit wildlife in transit to facilitate seizures by law enforcement and to help elucidate the transit routes through which illegal wildlife is trafficked. Solutions may include, for example, tracking devices, surveillance technology and software development for cargo shipment analyses. - Sub-challenge # 1b - Prediction of future transit routes. Wildlife traffickers often use complex shipping routes that involve transporting illicit material through several ports before reaching the final destination. A recent ivory shipment destined for China was seized in Malaysia, but before that had passed through ports in Spain and Togo and is thought to have originated in Tanzania. Wildlife trafficking transit routes frequently change, making it difficult for law enforcement to intercept illegal shipments. Using existing data - e.g. on seizures, poaching sources, known transit routes or social media - USAID seeks modelling solutions to help predict and anticipate the likely transit routes used by traffickers to better target law enforcement efforts. - Sub-challenge # 1c - Movement of trafficked wildlife and wildlife parts across the internet. The online sale of illegal wildlife represents a large, mostly unregulated and poorly enforced market. Common workarounds such as adding the word "faux" to illegal product names, "pre-ban" to illegal ivory and euphemisms complicate regulation and enforcement; chat rooms and "deep web" sales continue to flourish at unknown rates and values. USAID seeks technology solutions that will improve the ability to detect and deter wildlife trafficking via the internet in a manner that is potentially useful for Internet companies (e.g. eBay, Craigslist), consumers and law enforcement. Challenge #2 - Forensics and intelligence gathering - Sub-challenge # 2a - Identify illegal wildlife products. Lack of capacity to distinguish legal from illegal wildlife products represents a major bottleneck in the enforcement and prosecution of wildlife crime. The adoption of quick and accurate methods to identify illicit material would greatly facilitate customs and border enforcement, market control and the collection of reliable forensic evidence for prosecution. USAID seeks technology solutions that improve the ability to quickly and accurately identify illegal wildlife products using, for example, technologies that aid species identification and determine harvest origin (geographic and/or time of origin). - Sub-challenge # 2b - Improve intelligence gathering and management. The effective gathering and management of field intelligence is essential to build cases against wildlife traffickers. However, data collection and management are often constrained by a lack of infrastructure, security issues and - given the transboundary natures of wildlife trafficking - the disparate approaches of different governments. USAID seeks technology solutions that will improve the ability of law enforcement to gather, manage and share intelligence data. Challenge #3 - Consumer Demand Reduction - Sub-challenge #3a - Change cultural and societal norms. The demand for wildlife products comes from a number of different consumer groups and is, in some cases, heavily influenced by culture. In Asia, certain wildlife products are associated with social status, religion and the perceived medicinal value of some products, with consumer preferences driven by group norms, values, beliefs and trends. USAID seeks technology solutions that will change the cultural and societal norms that allow wildlife trafficking to flourish. Examples may include, for example, social media campaigns, mobile technology applications or high impact internet memes with anti-trafficking messages. - Sub-challenge #3b - Raise awareness of illegal products. High consumer demand is also driven by a general lack of consumer education. Many consumers may not realize they are purchasing illegal products or that their choices contribute to species decline and criminal activity. USAID seeks technology solutions that will reduce consumer demand by raising awareness about which wildlife products are illegal and the negative impacts of purchasing them. Challenge #4 - Corruption - Corruption has been identified as one of the major impediments to stopping wildlife crime. Corruption occurs at multiple levels along illegal supply chains and may include customs and transportation officials, law enforcement personnel and government officials. USAID seeks innovative technologies that will improve transparency in illicit wildlife supply chains so that corruption is exposed and becomes more difficult. USAID approach to wildlife trafficking USAID has a long history of success with wildlife protection and currently is programming $35 million in FY12 and FY13 to address wildlife trafficking. The first line of defense is protecting vulnerable wildlife populations and as such, USAID invests in anti-poaching in approximately 25 countries. Key actions include training local law enforcement, supporting community patrols, strengthening policies and implementation and improving judicial effectiveness on wildlife crime. Local communities are often a strong part of the anti-poaching response and strong communities often unite against both local and foreign poaching. Most ivory and rhino horn products are sold in Asia. USAID strengthens Wildlife Enforcement Networks in Asia to build capacity to intercept transit and trade. USAID also works with the Department of State and the US Fish and Wildlife Service in related enforcement coordination efforts. As a result, USAID partner countries have undertaken effective coordinated operations across regions and have helped arrest criminals and close transit routes. The USAID ARREST project strengthens wildlife law enforcement, reduces consumer demand and promotes regional and inter-agency coordination in combating wildlife trafficking. Over the past three years, this has resulted in frequent and high profile arrests and convictions of major criminals, with hundreds of wildlife law enforcement actions in FY11-12 with an estimated market value of US$ 27.9 million, and at least 77,519 live animals and 56,166 dead animals or animal parts recovered. There were at least 696 related arrests and 99 convictions resulting. USAID also works to reduce demand for illegal wildlife products in Asia. A new USAID-supported campaign called iThink combats consumption of wildlife in key supply, transit and consumer countries (Thailand, Vietnam and China). iThink focuses on five key species, including elephants. The recent dramatic increase in poaching requires additional focus and new approaches. Through its new Wildlife TRAPS program, the Agency is working with partner countries and the global community to better understand and target specific points along the supply chain that sustains the illegal trafficking of ivory, rhino horn and other wildlife products. This includes demand reduction, breaking transit routes and improving legal and judicial treatment of wildlife crime in key countries. The Wildlife Trafficking Technology Challenge represents an important contribution of USAID to the whole-of-government approach to wildlife trafficking mandated by the Executive Order signed by President Obama. USAID anticipates that the technologies identified through the Wildlife Trafficking Technology Challenge will enhance and complement existing efforts to stop wildlife trafficking. Although USAID considers the terms "technology" and "technology solutions" broadly, we are primarily interested in tools and systems of tools that make use of the latest in technological innovation and can be used by those engaged in anti-trafficking efforts. Technology can include both "high-end" and electricity-driven technology (such as Information and Communication Technology), as well as simple machines, tools and models. USAID is potentially interested in innovations from all parts of the innovation cycle, including ideation, pilots, implementation and scale. For the purposes of this program, wildlife trafficking refers to the poaching of protected species and illegal trade in aquatic and terrestrial wildlife and their derivative parts and products. Non protected species that are illegally harvested and/or illegally traded could be part of this program. C.2 STATEMENT OF WORK The overall goal of the Wildlife Trafficking Technology Challenge program is to generate innovative science and technology solutions to combat wildlife trafficking and support the acceleration and scaling up of promising solutions. This will be accomplished through two major tasks which are described below. The Offeror will be expected to run a core set of competitions managed out of USAID/Washington, with the possibility that USAID/Missions may wish to buy-in to this mechanism to add a particular geographic focus within the core set of competitions. Task 1 Design, launch and manage an international program of innovation competitions for wildlife trafficking to generate solutions to challenges provided by USAID, for use by USAID and its partners. Task 2 Support the acceleration to scale and scaling up of promising ideas and technologies. "Acceleration to scale" refers to expediting the transition of a concept or prototype to a viable product for the marketplace, while "scaling up" means expanding the number of users of a viable product (World Bank, 2005; Brookings, 2008). Task 3 (Option to be exercised): Subawards and Grants under Contracts to scale promising technologies identified through Tasks 1 and 2. Detailed Description of Tasks: C.2.1 Task 1: Design, launch and manage an international program of innovation competitions for wildlife trafficking to generate solutions to challenges provided by USAID. In consultation with USAID and partner institutions, the Offeror will design, launch and manage a program of international innovation competitions to generate technological solutions to combat wildlife trafficking. Raising public awareness about wildlife trafficking is an important component of the program; therefore, public outreach should be integrated into several steps of the design (see below). The following is an illustrative list of the types of activities that could be undertaken as part of Task 1. C.2.1.A Competition Design i. Design the award: create the right incentives to attract the best talent - Awards may be monetary, publicity/recognition, assistance (e.g. incubator services like USAID LAUNCH program), or new opportunities (e.g. potential USAID or other partner awards or referral). Incentives offered must be in line with appropriate USAID legal/procurement guidance. The total size of financial incentives (prizes and awards) for use in the program will be included as a plug figure in the contract and determined during competition design. Determine the number of awards to give (e.g. ranked or winner takes all) - Determine the competition platform (e.g. open vs. closed, collaborative vs. competitive, narrow vs. broad audience; see below) ii. Design the submission process - Decide if applicants should pre-register for the competition and how long the system will be open for pre-registration - Determine submission format (e.g. page limit, appendices, multimedia, prototypes, etc.) and timeline for applications - Intellectual Property (IP): Include an IP agreement in the submission process to obtain consent from the participants. Specific IP requirements will be determined for each challenge during design, but it is likely that USAID will request that winners of the Technology Challenge be ready to grant non-exclusive rights for use by the U.S. Government (USG) upon USG request - Provide the appropriate level of education and awareness raising on wildlife trafficking issues for non-traditional solution holders iii. Design the judging process - Determine if stages should be used for judging, with finalists selected first - If selecting for finalists as the first stage, choose who and what criteria will be used to screen the applicants in consultation with USAID and partners. The criteria should be transparent to all applicants (e.g. listed and explained on the competition website) and may include, for example, measures of feasibility, potential impact, sustainability and scalability - Choose high-profile judges that will lend credibility to the competition and create publicity - Determine a scoring matrix for the judges and a timeline for decisions. A scoring matrix may weigh each criterion differently, if appropriate, and be numerical or categorical. Each scoring category should have an explicit description available to judges and all potential applicants iv. Challenge platform selection/creation - The vendor will create or build on an existing challenge platform to best support the final design of the competitions - This platform should be able to attract appropriate audiences to match the competition specifications (i.e. a more competitive, closed platform vs. a more open and collaborative platform) C.2.1.B Competition Launch - Publicize the competition to the general public and potential solution holders, including outreach (described in detail below) through existing networks and media outlets - Identify the most competent and diverse applicants and use targeted approaches to reach a high-probability applicant pool (as further described below) - If possible, take advantage of concurrent anti-wildlife trafficking or conservation events for a launch event C.2.1.C Outreach to Potential Solution Holders A critical element of the design process will be to animate potential solution holders by creating a supportive structure and process for their engagement. The challenge topics selected for the Wildlife Trafficking Technology Challenge are all important for fighting wildlife crime; however, they may differ in their appeal or relevance to potential solution holders. As each challenge is designed, the Offeror will need to identify the most relevant set of solution holders to target for participation. Because wildlife trafficking is a global crisis, solution holders may come from anywhere in world, and the Offeror should include potential solution holders in developing countries in their outreach. Potential solution holders may be identified from the networks of the Offeror, USAID or its partners on this program. Traditional actors who work in the field of wildlife crime, such as local and international NGOs and governmental entities on the front lines of wildlife trafficking, are natural allies for this program and may wish to submit their own ideas and solutions. An additional role for these actors, rather than as solution holders, may be as key informants/educators about a given challenge to non-traditional solution holders (See Table 1). Non-traditional actors can be an important source of new ideas and solutions. Non-traditional actors may come from the general public, universities and research institutions, organizations or companies that have a stake/interest in not contributing to wildlife crime or they may come from narrowly focused, expert-led communities. Below are some illustrative examples of non-traditional solution holders that could be targeted for participation in this program: Table 1-1. Illustrative Example of Non-Traditional Solution Holders Wildlife Trafficking Topic Type of Expert Movement of trafficked wildlife and wildlife parts Geospatial experts, intelligence analysts, social network analysts, criminologists, organized crime experts, robotics and radio technology experts, explosive detection experts, RFID experts, researches with "detector" animals, programmers, shipping companies Forensics and intelligence gathering Museum and university experts, customs officials, personalized medicine companies, forensic scientists, park staff Consumer Demand Reduction Internet and social media experts, youth, religious and community groups, pet trade groups, hotel and restaurant associations, transportation associations Corruption Various government entities, e.g customs, judicial, enforcement entities, banks, money transfer businesses, social media experts, surveillance technology experts and the press An important part of working with non-traditional partners is ensuring that they understand enough about the issue to propose appropriate solutions. As part of the competition design, it may be necessary to build in some targeted low-cost awareness-raising/education for the potential solution holders. There are many ways to achieve this, such as designing the launch platform (i.e. website) to include links to relevant background/educational material and by organizing virtual fora that bring together potential solution holders with potential users of the technologies or with institutions that have a history of working on issues of wildlife crime. Below is an illustrative list of activities that could be used to reach out to potential solution holders: - Identify the most competent and diverse solution holders through, for example, an analysis of the relevant technological skills required for each challen...