First Article Testing and Approval
FAR Subpart 9.3 ensures product quality and compliance by requiring first article testing and approval before full-scale production when risk or uncertainty exists.
Overview
FAR Subpart 9.3 establishes the policies and procedures for first article testing and approval in government contracting. First article testing is used to ensure that a contractor can produce an item that meets all contract requirements before full-scale production or delivery begins. This subpart defines key terms, outlines when and how first article testing should be used, specifies exceptions, addresses risk considerations, and details both solicitation and contract clause requirements. It also provides guidance on government administration of first article testing, ensuring that both contracting officers and contractors understand their responsibilities throughout the process. The subpart is designed to mitigate risk by verifying product quality and compliance early in the contract lifecycle, especially for items that are new, complex, or have a history of quality issues.
Key Rules
- Definition of First Article Testing
- Clarifies what constitutes a first article and the purpose of testing and approval.
- General Policy
- Establishes when first article testing is appropriate and the general procedures to follow.
- Use of First Article Testing
- Details the circumstances under which first article testing should be required, such as new production or unproven sources.
- Exceptions
- Identifies situations where first article testing may not be necessary.
- Risk Assessment
- Requires consideration of risk factors in determining the need for first article testing.
- Solicitation Requirements
- Specifies what must be included in solicitations regarding first article testing.
- Government Administration
- Outlines the government's role in administering and evaluating first article tests.
- Contract Clauses
- Mandates the inclusion of specific clauses in contracts requiring first article testing.
Responsibilities
- Contracting Officers: Must determine the need for first article testing, include appropriate requirements in solicitations and contracts, and oversee the testing process.
- Contractors: Must submit first articles for testing as required, comply with testing procedures, and provide necessary documentation.
- Agencies: Responsible for administering and evaluating first article tests and ensuring compliance with FAR requirements.
Practical Implications
- This subpart exists to reduce the risk of defective or nonconforming products by verifying quality before full production.
- It impacts daily contracting by requiring additional steps and documentation for certain procurements, potentially affecting timelines and costs.
- Common pitfalls include failing to properly define first article requirements, not allowing sufficient time for testing, or overlooking exceptions that could streamline the process.