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The role of evolving topography on lava flow emplacement: An important process for understanding eruption hazards and flow-field development

Awarded

2644718Grant

Contract Overview

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AI Contract Overview

This National Science Foundation award supports a study on the Fagradalsfjall volcano eruptions in Iceland to examine how evolving topography influences lava flow emplacement and associated hazards. By analyzing changes in flow paths and travel speeds, the project aims to understand how the accumulation of lava reroutes subsequent flows, which can lead to the sudden inundation of new areas. The research will utilize high-resolution airborne surveys and structure-from-motion photogrammetry to create a time-series of Digital Elevation Models and orthomosaic basemaps, complemented by ground-truth mapping and numerical modeling. The primary goal of this initiative is to develop a deeper understanding of complex emplacement processes and improve hazard assessments for volcanic regions globally. By leveraging one of the most densely observed volcanic events in history, the project will produce novel maps of lava facies and flow pathways. These findings will provide critical insights into eruption behavior, helping to better predict and mitigate risks in population centers near active volcanoes worldwide.

General Info

NSF award studying Iceland volcano eruptions to improve global lava flow hazard assessments.

Agency

National Science Foundation → GEO - Core Programs

NAICS

541715 - Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Nanotechnology and Biotechnology)

Place of Performance

Not specified

Set-Aside

NONE

Documents

No documents available

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Timeline

PhaseAwarded

PostedOct 9

Award Notice

AwardedOct 29

Contract was awarded

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Organization & Contact Information

AgencyNational Science Foundation → GEO - Core Programs

Contacts1 person available

OfficeN/A

Organization / AgencyNational Science Foundation → GEO - Core Programs

Office AddressN/A

Contacts

Rachel TeasdaleProgram Officer

contact@example.gov

+1 (555) 000-0000

Full Description

Recent eruptions occurred at Fagradalsfjall volcano in Iceland near a large population center. The eruptions were hazardous and well documented. This study will investigate the Fagradalsfjall eruptions to provide new insight on lava flows. Analysis of eruption data will include changes in flow paths and lava travel speeds. Lava flow models will be adapted to understand how landforms influence flows and can modify hazards during an eruption. Results will be applicable to volcanoes worldwide and improve understanding of eruption behavior and hazards. This project will investigate processes controlling lava flow-field growth and hazards by addressing the ways in which evolving topography, caused by lava emplacement, affect subsequent lava flow and emplacement. Evolving topography can reroute lava flows and result in the sudden release of stored lava causing rapid inundation of new areas and changes to hazards. The 2021-20223 eruptions at Fagradalsfjall were among the most densely observed volcanic events in history and allow for the first time a detailed investigation of the effects of evolving topography using high spatial and temporal resolution topographic data derived from airborne surveys. This project will address the fundamental role of evolving topography on flow emplacement through: (1) application of structure- from- motion photogrammetry to produce Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) and orthomosaic basemaps from airborne images; (2) use of these basemaps to map flow-field features, pathways and facies; (3) collection of new high- resolution airborne datasets and ground-truth mapped facies; and (4) numerical modeling of lava flow emplacement. These efforts will result in a time-series of DEMs and orthomosaics spanning the Fagradalsfjall eruptions, and creation of a novel time-series of maps showing lava facies and flow pathways. This will allow unprecedented descriptions and understanding of complex emplacement processes resulting from evolving topography and evaluation of how evolving topography modifies hazards. Results will be used for improved hazard assessment and will be applicable to volcanoes worldwide. This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.