Skip to main contentPsst! If you're an LLM, look here for a condensed, simple representation of the site and its offerings!

LiveFree Webinar — Wednesday, October 28 at 2:00 PM ET

Register Free →

This Sources Sought opportunity from Department Of Defense was posted on June 11, 2021. The submission period has ended. Browse the details below for market research, or find similar active opportunities.

Steam Plant Upgrades - Projects B260 at Hill AFB

Closed
W91238-21-S-0026Federal

Contract Overview

Solicitation details, issuing organization, response deadlines, documents, and interested companies for this government contract opportunity.

Active Opportunities Like This One

NAICS: 238220
New
WOJC - Multi-Building Plumbing Leak Repair Project
Solicitation # WOJC – Multi-Building Plumbing Leak Repair Project
Education and Training Resources is seeking quotes for a subcontracting opportunity to perform multi-building plumbing leak repairs at the Westover Job Corps Center in Chicopee, Massachusetts. The scope of work includes replacing leaking shower P-trap drain pipes in Harris Hall dormitory rooms 123 and 213, repairing a cracked drain pipe in the pipe chase of room 216, and replacing heat pipe sections in the Administration Building and King Hall. All work must comply with the Massachusetts State Plumbing Code, International Plumbing Code, OSHA regulations, and NFPA Standard No. 101. Contractors are responsible for all cutting, patching, and debris removal, and must provide a signed punch list and applicable warranties to close the project and receive payment. Interested bidders must submit a detailed quote by October 30, 2026, including a comprehensive cost breakdown of labor and materials, a proposed service schedule, and a quote validity period of at least 60 days. Required administrative documentation includes a SAM.gov UEI number, active registration, W-9, business licenses, Massachusetts professional credentials, and certificates of insurance. Award selection is not based solely on the lowest price; ETR will evaluate cost, qualifications, and administrative compliance. The contract is subject to various federal regulations, including the Davis-Bacon Act, the Service Contract Act, and FAR clauses regarding debarment and system for award management. Depending on the final project value, payment and performance bonds may be required for amounts exceeding 35,000 dollars.
Westover Job Corps Center

POSTED

about 6 hours ago

DEADLINE

in 8 days
NAICS: 238220
New
MI 2026-14 Emergency Heating and Air Conditioning Services
Solicitation # MI 2026-14
Adams and Associates, Inc., contracting for the U.S. Department of Labor, is soliciting bids for emergency heating and air conditioning (HVAC) services at the Miami Job Corps Center in Miami, Florida. The period of performance runs from November 1, 2026, to October 31, 2027. This solicitation is set aside for small businesses, including certified Veteran, Service-Disabled Veteran, Women-Owned, and HUBZone small businesses. The selected vendor will be responsible for emergency HVAC repairs, with a requirement to provide separate hourly rates for non-emergency daytime services and emergency or weekend services. Eligible bidders must possess a valid Unique Entity ID (UEI) and maintain active registration in SAM.gov. Required submission documents include a written bid on company letterhead valid for 90 days, a vendor questionnaire, W9, Authority to Commit, a list of references, and all necessary business and employee licenses for the State of Florida. Vendors must also provide proof of Workers Compensation, Automobile Liability, and Comprehensive General Liability insurance of at least $1,000,000 per occurrence, naming Adams and Associates, Inc. as an additional insured. The contract is subject to the Service Contract Act and Davis-Bacon Act, specifically Wage Determination No. 2005-2248, with a minimum wage of $13.65 per hour for covered workers through December 31, 2026. Payroll and time cards must be submitted for any service incident exceeding $2,500. Award decisions will be based on the most responsible bidder, considering cost, licensure, and experience. Payment terms are NET 30 days from the date of invoice. All bids must be submitted to the Purchasing Department by October 23, 2026.
Miami Job Corps Center

POSTED

about 6 hours ago

DEADLINE

in 1 day
NAICS: 238220
New
CBP6585 Bldg. 22 HVAC Replacement
Solicitation # CBP6585
Management & Training Corporation (MTC) is seeking bids for a fixed-price, single lump sum subcontract to replace the HVAC equipment serving Building 22 at the San Diego Job Corps Center in Imperial Beach, California. The scope of work includes the removal of existing equipment and the installation of a new 5-ton condenser with a suitable pad, a new furnace, a 5-ton evaporator coil, a fused electrical disconnect, an electrical whip, and a new condensate drain line. The contractor is responsible for providing all labor, materials, and supervision, ensuring the system is fully operational and compliant with applicable codes. Key deliverables include two sets of operation and maintenance manuals and manufacturer and installer warranties. The estimated price range for this project is between 0 and 25,000 dollars. Bids are due by October 28, 2026, and must be submitted using the MTC Bid for Lump Sum Contract form, accompanied by a detailed cost breakout, proof of insurance, and three references. A physical site visit and signature on the attendance roster are mandatory prerequisites for bid submission. For bids equal to or greater than 25,000 dollars, a bid bond of 20 percent of the base bid is required, and the awarded contractor must provide performance and payment bonds for 100 percent of the contract price from a surety with at least an A- rating. This opportunity is set aside for small businesses under NAICS 238220. Award decisions will be based on overall best value. Compliance requirements include the Davis-Bacon Act for prevailing wages, OSHA safety standards for personal protective equipment, and various Federal Acquisition Regulations, including those regarding first-tier subcontractor information and the submission of form SF 1413. Awarded contractors must provide a Unique Entity ID (UEI) number and complete the MTC Supplier Self-Certification packet. Payment will be made via progress payments based on percentage completion, utilizing AIA Document G702 and G703 or equivalent forms.
San Diego Job Corps Center

POSTED

about 6 hours ago

DEADLINE

in 7 days
NAICS: 238220
New
MJCC EXHAUST FANS BLD. 1429
Solicitation # mjcc-exhaust-fans-bld-1429
The Muhlenberg Job Corps Center, operated by Insights Training Group LLC, is soliciting fixed-price quotes from qualified HVAC and mechanical contractors to restore the exhaust fan and louver systems in Building 1429, located in Kentucky. The project scope involves comprehensive inspections and repairs for multiple units, including replacing motors and selector switches for fans 2 and 4, relocating a thermostat for fan 3, installing missing components for fan 5, verifying the operation of fan 6, and replacing a louver actuator for fan 7. Additionally, the contractor must perform system-wide replacements of aged thermostats, relays, and louver actuators while ensuring all work complies with applicable building codes, manufacturer requirements, and OSHA and EPA regulations. This solicitation is set aside for small businesses, including VOSB, SDVOSB, WOSB, and HUBZone certified entities. Award will be granted to a single responsible offeror based on technical acceptability and the lowest price. The period of performance is 45 days from the date of award. Contractors must be registered in the State of Kentucky, provide proof of insurance, and demonstrate the ability to secure performance and payment bonding. Compliance with the Davis-Bacon Act is mandatory, requiring the submission of weekly certified payroll with every invoice. Quotes must be submitted electronically to mjccpurchasing@insightsllc.net by October 30, 2026, at 5:00 PM.
Muhlenberg Job Corps Center / Insights Training Group LLC

POSTED

about 6 hours ago

DEADLINE

in 8 days
NAICS: 238220
New
Furnace Replacement
Solicitation # 26-17
Management & Training Corporation (MTC), operator of the Tongue Point Job Corps Center in Astoria, Oregon, is soliciting bids for a fixed-price, lump sum contract to replace furnaces and thermostats in three staff houses. The project involves Quarters F (3,786 sq/ft, propane), Quarters P (1,100 sq/ft, natural gas), and Quarters Q (2,280 sq/ft, propane). Required equipment must be Carrier Comfort Series or an equivalent household good grade with at least a 96% efficiency rating, sized at approximately 80,000btu. Installations must include new transitions to existing ducting, gas regulators, electrical and condensate pump kits, and intake/exhaust venting. A lifetime warranty on the heat exchanger and a minimum 10-year warranty on parts are mandatory. The estimated price range for this solicitation is between $0 and $25,000, with bids due by October 21, 2026. This is a small business set-aside opportunity under NAICS code 238220. Award decisions will be based on overall best value. Contractors must comply with the Davis-Bacon Act and applicable prevailing wage determinations, providing certified payroll weekly. Bid and performance bonds are only required for bids equal to or exceeding $25,000. Submission requirements include a signed MTC bid form, a detailed cost breakout on company letterhead, a Unique Entity Identification number, and a completed supplier self-certification packet. Final acceptance is contingent upon functional testing, the submission of operation and maintenance manuals, and a final inspection.
Tongue Point Job Corps

POSTED

about 6 hours ago

DEADLINE

in about 9 hours
NAICS: 238220
New
Centennial Dry Sprinkler System & Compressor Replacement Services
Solicitation # centennial-dry-sprinkler-system-compressor-replacement-services
Management & Training Corporation (MTC) is soliciting bids for a fixed-price, single lump sum contract to provide dry-type sprinkler system and compressor replacement services at the Centennial Job Corps Center in Nampa, Idaho. The project focuses on eliminating severe piping leaks and replacing failing infrastructure in Building CM (Men's Dormitory), Building CW (Women's Dormitory), and Building D (Recreation). A licensed fire sprinkler contractor is required to demolish the existing distribution piping network and compressors, install a new code-approved piping network and properly sized air compressor, and perform rigorous operational and leak testing in accordance with NFPA 25 standards. The work must be completed within 30 consecutive business days following a written Notice to Proceed. Bids are due by December 1, 2026, and must include a detailed cost breakout and proof of insurance. A physical site visit and signature on the attendance roster are mandatory prerequisites for bid submission. For bids totaling $25,000 or more, a bid bond guarantee of 20% of the base bid is required, and the awarded contractor must provide performance and payment bonds from an A-rated surety. Award decisions will be based on overall best value and bidder responsiveness. The contract is subject to various federal regulations, including the Davis-Bacon Act, requiring compliance with prevailing wage rates for building construction in Idaho. Contractors must adhere to FAR clauses regarding small business utilization, whistleblower rights, and security requirements. Additionally, first-tier subcontractors with awards exceeding $45,000 must disclose debarment status per FAR 52.209-6, and contracts valued at $40,000 or more are subject to FFATA reporting. Final payment is contingent upon a successful substantial completion inspection and the submission of weekly certified payroll reports.
Management & Training Corporation/Centennial Job Corps Center

POSTED

about 6 hours ago

DEADLINE

in about 1 month
NAICS: 238220
New
Dorm Hot Water Tank Replacement – Glenmont Job Corps Center – S26-006
Solicitation # S26-006
Adams and Associates, Inc. is seeking qualified mechanical and plumbing contractors for solicitation S26-006 to replace domestic hot water storage tanks and associated equipment at the Glenmont Job Corps Center in Glenmont, New York. The scope of work involves the removal and disposal of four existing 505-gallon tanks and the installation of four new 500-gallon insulated storage tanks, four new heat exchangers, and one bronze Bell and Gossett circulator pump in the North Dormitory. Additional requirements include piping modifications using ProPress materials, electrical work, insulation, rigging, and the provision of a temporary hot water heater to ensure the facility remains operational during the estimated construction period of two and a half to three weeks. This is a subcontracting opportunity rather than a direct federal procurement, though it requires compliance with Davis-Bacon prevailing wage requirements and New York State statutory insurance and licensing standards. Proposals are due by November 9, 2026, at 4:00 PM ET, following a site walkthrough on October 29, 2026. Award selection is based on a weighted evaluation of price (60 points), quality (20 points), past performance (10 points), and schedule (10 points), with the lowest price not guaranteeing an award. Required submission documents include company qualifications, business references, New York State licenses, certificates of insurance, a completed vendor questionnaire with UEI and NAICS code, and a current W-9. Payment terms are set at Net 30 days upon completion and receipt of invoice.
Adams and Associates, Inc.

POSTED

about 6 hours ago

DEADLINE

in 19 days
NAICS: 238220
New
MJCC HVAC BLD. 1403-04 B HALL
Solicitation # mjcc-hvac-bld-1403-04-b-hall
Insights Training Group LLC, on behalf of the Muhlenberg Job Corps Center in Kentucky, is soliciting fixed-price quotes for an HVAC project at Building 1403-04 B Hall. The scope of work requires the contractor to provide all labor, materials, equipment, and supervision to install two 4-ton twinned split systems featuring Trane condensing units with a minimum 17 SEER rating and 95% AFUE high-efficiency gas furnaces using R-454B refrigerant. Additional requirements include the installation of high-efficiency evaporator coils, 2-inch filter racks, new refrigerant line sets, and condensate drain piping. The project must be completed within 45 days of award, and the contractor is responsible for all testing, inspections, and the provision of operating and maintenance manuals. This solicitation is set aside for small businesses, including VOSB, SDVOSB, WOSB, and HUBZone certified entities. To be considered technically acceptable, offerors must be registered and licensed in the State of Kentucky, verified through the SAM portal, and provide a minimum 90-day bid guarantee along with proof of ability to secure performance and payment bonding. Award will be granted to the responsible offeror with a technically acceptable quote and the lowest price. Compliance with the Davis-Bacon Act is mandatory, requiring the submission of weekly certified payroll and a signed Statement of Compliance with every invoice. All work must adhere to local codes, manufacturer specifications, and OSHA and EPA regulations, with a strict requirement for maintaining Materials Safety Data Sheets for all products used on site. Quotes are due by October 30, 2026.
Muhlenberg Job Corps Center / Insights Training Group LLC

POSTED

about 6 hours ago

DEADLINE

in 8 days
NAICS: 238220
New
Roswell JCC – Male Dormitory Bldg. Water Source Heat Pump Replacement (20 units)
Solicitation # roswell-jcc-male-dormitory-bldg-water-source-heat-pump-replacement-20-units
Career Systems Development Corporation is soliciting proposals for the total replacement of twenty ceiling-mounted water source heat pumps at the Roswell Job Corps Center Male Dormitory Building 558 in New Mexico. The scope of work includes the removal and off-site disposal of twenty failed units and the installation of new Bosch 1-ton units or equivalent, including all necessary ducting, electrical, gas, thermostat wiring, flexible hoses, and pressure valves. Additionally, the contractor must install smoke dampers with fusible links in all vents leading into the plenum and ensure all materials used in the plenum are plenum-rated. All work must comply with NFPA 101, NFPA 70, and applicable plumbing, mechanical, and building codes, with performance scheduled between 7:00 am and 4:00 pm, Monday through Friday. This solicitation is set aside for small businesses, including VOSB, SDVOSB, WOSB, and HUBZone certified firms. The project is subject to the Davis Bacon Act Wage Determination NM20260014, requiring the submission and approval of weekly certified payroll reports prior to invoice payment. Proposals exceeding $100,000.00 require payment and performance bonding for 100% of the contract value. Submissions must include a safe work process, detailed costs for labor and materials, equipment cut sheets, warranty information, and a requested payment schedule. Final deliverables include the provision of operation manuals to the Facility Manager upon project completion.
Career Systems Development Corporation

POSTED

about 6 hours ago

DEADLINE

in 16 days

General Info

NAICS

238220 - Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors

Place of Performance

Hill AFB, UT, 84056, USA

Set-Aside

SBA

Documents

0

No documents available

Documents will appear here when they are available.

AI Contract Breakdown

Uniform Contract Format

No documents to break down

The breakdown needs solicitation documents. None were found from this contract's source.

Timeline

1 update
PhaseClosed
Posted

Sources Sought

Deadline changed

Response deadline time changed from 7:00 PM UTC to 10:00 PM UTC on Jun 14, 2021.

Response Deadline

Deadline has passed

Submission Closed

Find active opportunities like this

Start your free trial to discover similar active contracts, track opportunities, and build proposals with AI assistance.

Organization & Contact Information

Show more
AgencyDepartment Of Defense → W075 Endist Sacramento
Contacts2 people available
OfficeSACRAMENTO, CA, 95814-2922, USA
Office AddressSACRAMENTO, CA, 95814-2922, USA
Contacts
Deanna C. Zemovich

Full Description

Show more
This Sources Sought Notice is for Market Research ONLY to determine the availability, capability, and interest of small business firms for a potential small business category type set-aside. NO AWARD will be made from this Sources Sought Notice. NO SOLICITATION, SPECIFICATIONS, OR DRAWINGS ARE AVAILABLE AT THIS TIME as this is solely for Market Research. Please do not request such documentation. Requests for any of this information will go unanswered. If the conditions at FAR 19.502-2(b) are met the contracting officer is required to set the acquisition aside for small business concerns. If set-aside, FAR 52.219-14, requires that for general construction the small business contractor will self-perform at least 15% of the cost of the contract, not including the cost of materials. Accordingly, interested contractors having the skill, capabilities, workload capacity and ability to obtain bonding necessary to complete the described project (either through self-performance and/or the managing of subcontractors) are invited to provide their capability statements to the point of contact listed below. All responses will be used to determine the appropriate acquisition strategy for a potential acquisition. The purpose of this notice is to obtain a snapshot of current market capabilities and gain knowledge of potential small business sources to include small business in the following socioeconomic categories: Certified HUB Zone; Woman-Owned Small Business (WOSB) and Serviced-Disabled Veteran-Owned Small Business (SDVOSB); Veteran Owned Small Business (VOSB) and 8(a) small business concerns to construct Steam Plant Upgrades - Projects B260 at Hill AFB. Contractors capabilities will be reviewed solely for the purpose of determining an appropriate acquisition strategy to include whether this prospective action is appropriate to be set-aside for the small business community or should proceed as an unrestricted full and open acquisition. Other than small businesses are encouraged to respond to this NOTICE to provide a greater context of current market capabilities. However, per the Federal Acquisition Regulations, preference will be given to the small business categories as listed above. In determining the acquisition strategy, the Government must ensure there is adequate competition among the potential pool of available contractors. This is a Two-Phase Design-Build Solicitation. The Government estimates issuing Phase-One of the solicitation in June of 2021. The Government intends to award a Firm-Fixed-Price award in March of 2022 with a period of performance of 18 months. In accordance with DFARS 236.204(ii) the estimated magnitude of construction is expected to be Between $25,000,000.00 and $100,000,000.00. The NAICS Code is 238220 - Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors. The size standard is $16.5M. The Product Service Code is N041 - Installation of Equipment: Refrigeration, Air Conditioning, and Air Circulating Equipment. GENERAL SCOPE: This Project involves the replacement of boilers in B260 at Hill AFB in Utah. There are currently eight boilers in B260. This project will replace the existing eight boilers in B260 with five new boilers. Each new boiler will be in compliance with BACT requirements for serious nonattainment under the Clean Air Act. The five boilers to be replaced are 50 MMBU (~1500 boiler HP) dual fuel steam boilers. The project will replace the existing boilers in B260 with new boilers of enough quantity and size to meet demand, as well as BACT. This project will also include the decentralization of the facilities that are serviced by the central steam plant, B260, on the southwest steam loop. These facilities will instead be served by individual facility boilers and water heaters. This requirement will be a DB contract. CAPABILITY STATEMENT The following requests are designed to inform the US Army Corps of Engineers, Sacramento District, of current construction contractor market capabilities. Please provide your response to the following. The submission is limited to 10 pages. 1) Offeror's name, DUNS#, address, point of contact, phone number, and e-mail address. 2) Offeror's experience and capability to complete (either through self-performance in excess of 15% or the managing of one or more subcontracts as a Prime). Contractors need to demonstrate that they have experience installing at least two Central Steam Plants, including boilers of similar type/size to this project, and would need to have completed within the last five years. Contractors shall describe the Prime's self-performed effort, give a brief description of the projects, provide customer names, timeliness of performance, customer satisfaction, and dollar value of the projects. 3) Offeror's socioeconomic type and business size (Certified HUB Zone; Woman-Owned Small Business (WOSB) and Serviced-Disabled Veteran-Owned Small Business (SDVOSB); Veteran Owned Small Business (VOSB) and 8(a) small business concerns). 4) Offeror's Bonding Capability in the form of a letter from Surety. The Capabilities Statement will not be considered an offer (proposal) or a bid for any future Request for Proposal or Invitation for Bid that may result from this notice. Moreover, it will not restrict the Government to an ultimate acquisition approach. This notice is for information and planning purposes only. The respondents will not be notified of the results of any review conducted of the capability statements received. Please notify this office in writing via email by 1500 PST, Monday 14 June 2021. Submit response and information through email to: john.wysocki@usace.army.mil. Please include the Sources Sought No. W91238-21-S-0026 in the subject line.

More opportunities from Department Of Defense → W075 Endist Sacramento

Same awarding agency

NAICS: 237990
Federal
USACE SPK DB Construction - Natomas NPP Named Pumping Plants - Sacramento, CA
Solicitation # W9123826BA013
The USACE SPK is soliciting design-bid-build construction services for the renovation of three critical irrigation pumping stations—Elkhorn, Riverside, and Pritchard—located along the Garden Highway Levee in Sacramento, California. The project scope involves removing existing discharge piping that penetrates the levees and installing new piping that traverses over the levees to connect with landside irrigation canals. Additional requirements include levee excavation, backfilling, pavement restoration, and utility relocation. The estimated target price range for this effort is between $10,000,000 and $15,000,000, with a total period of performance of 1,095 calendar days from the date of the Notice to Proceed. This requirement is pursued through full and open competition without a set-aside, falling under NAICS code 237110. Eligible offerors must be registered in SAM and PIEE and provide a surety letter confirming bonding capability for a single action of at least $10,000,000. The contract is subject to the Davis-Bacon Act and EM 385-1-1 safety standards. Key administrative requirements include the use of the Resident Management System (RMS) for payment requests and the maintenance of a rigorous Quality Control program. Proposals must be submitted by November 3, 2026, and must include a completed SF 1442, bid guarantee, and a pre-award survey.
Other Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction

POSTED

13 days ago

DEADLINE

in 13 days
View Details
NAICS: 237990
Federal
USACE SPK DBB Construction - Sacramento River East Levee Contract 5 (SREL C5), Sacramento, California
Solicitation # W9123827X1CQR
The United States Army Corps of Engineers Sacramento District is conducting market research via Sources Sought Notice W9123827X1CQR for a potential levee repair and remediation project known as the Sacramento River East Levee Contract 5 (SREL C5). Located in Sacramento, California, the project involves remediating approximately 0.4 miles of levee segments south of downtown. The scope of work includes the construction of seepage and stability berms and buried curb walls, utility relocation and protection, soil management, and site restoration. The government estimates the construction value between $6,000,000 and $9,000,000, with an anticipated performance period of 411 calendar days from the Notice to Proceed. The government anticipates issuing a firm-fixed-price solicitation in mid-November 2026, with an intended award date in mid-February 2027. The requirement falls under NAICS code 237990 for Other Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction and Product Service Code Y1LC. Depending on the response from small business concerns, the acquisition may be set aside for small businesses under FAR 52.219-14 or competed full and open, in which case FAR 52.236-1 regarding self-performance would apply. Interested parties must submit a capability statement by 11:00 a.m. PT on October 23, 2026, detailing their experience with similar projects over the last six years and providing a surety letter to prove bonding capability.
Other Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction

POSTED

13 days ago

DEADLINE

in 2 days
View Details
NAICS: 541620
Federal
USACE Sacramento District (SPK) $47.2M Planning, Environmental, and Cultural Services (PECS) MATOC
Solicitation # W9123826RA024
The USACE Sacramento District is soliciting for a 47.2 million dollar Multiple Award Task Order Contract (MATOC) under solicitation W9123826RA024 for Planning, Environmental, and Cultural Services (PECS). This contract, categorized under NAICS code 541620, provides comprehensive support for civil works and military actions throughout the feasibility, design, construction, and operations and maintenance phases. The scope of work encompasses environmental planning and compliance, including NEPA and CEQA tasks, species and habitat surveys, air and noise assessments, and construction monitoring. Additionally, the contract covers cultural resources services, focusing on Section 106 compliance, NHPA, NAGPRA, and ARPA support, tribal consultations, the development of Memoranda of Agreement and Programmatic Agreements, and specific archival and curation requirements. Interested vendors are encouraged to attend a virtual industry meeting on September 15, 2026, at 11:00 AM Pacific Daylight Time via Microsoft Teams. To participate, vendors must submit a capability statement not exceeding four pages to the designated contracting email address prior to the meeting. The primary point of contact for this opportunity is Sean Summer, and the contract is managed by the Department of Defense through the USACE Sacramento District office located in Sacramento, California.
Environmental Consulting Services

POSTED

29 days ago

DEADLINE

N/A
View Details

Find Active Opportunities Like This

Get AI-powered intelligence on the opportunities still open

Every page of the solicitation package shredded into a compliance breakdown

AI-powered matching based on your capabilities and past performance

Competitor and incumbent history on the requirement

Automated alerts on amendments, Q&A deadlines, and award

Miguel
Hillary
Keith Deutsch
Christine

Join 750+ contractors already using CLEATUS